Assessment of "danger to self and others": a study of the Mental Health Review Tribunal's interpretation of "dangerousness"

The general research aim was to examine the process by which the mental health review tribunal decided on the 'dangerousness' of the person before them as a basis for their judgement about release or continued detention. Within the general context of the sociology of law, the research project was concerned with the decision-process as it operated in practice within the established socio-legal framework and its interaction with the concept and causation and social nature of deviance and 'danger'. It was assumed that the formal-structural approach was insufficient to study and explain the decision-process in practice; so the research incorporated the study of the relationship between socio-demographic facts and the tribunal decisions, a study of the way the facts were perceived by the tribunal members, and consideration of the dilemmas and conflicts experienced in practice and innovatory action arising from anomalies in their rules and powers. Various methods of data-collection were adopted in respect of the sample of 150 tribunal hearings held at Rampton Hospital: a) the systematic observation of the hearing, b) the structured interviewing of the legal chairman, and c) structured examination of written records for details of the subject. The findings supported the conclusions that the prescribed rules and powers of the tribunal were insufficient for the task of protecting the individual from unfair detention; and the nature of 'danger' and the social identity of the 'dangerous individual' required a response from the decision-makers beyond objective assessment of observable facts. The decision-process was shown to be a 'human-process' involving emotional and subjective reactions. A more sufficient model of the decision-process in respect of 'danger to self and others' was developed, designed to take account of external restraints and anomalies in the system, and influences which could not be explained in strictly 'objective' terms

Spoken Argumentation in the Adult ESOL classroom

This thesis is a discourse analysis of spoken argumentation in the Adult ESOL classroom. It investigates the ways in which it emerges and unfolds and also how teachers and students position themselves and each other in argumentation and how they are positioned by pedagogy and policy as well as by their histories. The principal focus is on verbal argumentation but some attention is also given to a more multimodal analysis. Argumentation is conceptualized in terms of competing and consensual voices (Costello and Mitchell, 1995). These voices are further conceptualized as situated speaking positions and, therefore, as identity positions. The study explores the ways in which argumentation unfolds, the ways it seeks to persuade and the identity work this involves. Argumentation is connected to wider questions of citizenship and democracy, with the Adult ESOL classroom seen as the agora for the wider enactment and modelling of full democratic citizenship

Assessment of "danger to self and others": a study of the Mental Health Review Tribunal's interpretation of "dangerousness"

The general research aim was to examine the process by which the mental health review tribunal decided on the 'dangerousness' of the person before them as a basis for their judgement about release or continued detention. Within the general context of the sociology of law, the research project was concerned with the decision-process as it operated in practice within the established socio-legal framework and its interaction with the concept and causation and social nature of deviance and 'danger'. It was assumed that the formal-structural approach was insufficient to study and explain the decision-process in practice; so the research incorporated the study of the relationship between socio-demographic facts and the tribunal decisions, a study of the way the facts were perceived by the tribunal members, and consideration of the dilemmas and conflicts experienced in practice and innovatory action arising from anomalies in their rules and powers. Various methods of data-collection were adopted in respect of the sample of 150 tribunal hearings held at Rampton Hospital: a) the systematic observation of the hearing, b) the structured interviewing of the legal chairman, and c) structured examination of written records for details of the subject. The findings supported the conclusions that the prescribed rules and powers of the tribunal were insufficient for the task of protecting the individual from unfair detention; and the nature of 'danger' and the social identity of the 'dangerous individual' required a response from the decision-makers beyond objective assessment of observable facts. The decision-process was shown to be a 'human-process' involving emotional and subjective reactions. A more sufficient model of the decision-process in respect of 'danger to self and others' was developed, designed to take account of external restraints and anomalies in the system, and influences which could not be explained in strictly 'objective' terms

Novel engineered high performance sugar beetroot 2D nanoplatelet-cementitious composites

In this paper, we show for the first time that environmentally friendly nanoplatelets synthesized from sugar beetroot waste with surface area and hydroxyl functional groups similar to those of graphene oxide (GO) can be used to significantly enhance the performance of cementitious composites. A comprehensive experimental and numerical simulation study was carried out to examine the performance of the bio waste-derived 2D nanoplatelets (BNP) in cementitious composites. The experimental results revealed that the addition of BNPs decreased the workability of the cement pastes due to their high surface area and dominant hydrophilic functional groups. The experimental results also revealed that the BNP sheets altered the morphology of the hydration phases of the cementitious composites. At 0.20-wt%, the BNP sheets increased the content of the C-S-H gels. At higher concentrations (i.e., 0.40-wt% and 0.60-wt%), however, the BNP sheets increased the content of the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) products and altered their sizes and morphologies. The flexural results demonstrated that the 0.20-wt% BNPs produced the highest flexural strength and modulus elasticity and they were increased by 75% and 200%, respectively. The numerical simulations were in good agreement with the fracture test results. Both results showed that the 0.20-wt% BNPs optimal concentration significantly enhanced the fracture properties of the cementitious composite and produced mixed mode crack propagation as a failure mode compared to Mode I crack propagation for the plain cementitious composite due to combined crack bridging and crack deflection toughening mechanisms. Because of this, the fracture energy and the fracture toughness were increased by about 88% and 106%, respectively

The drivers of Higher Education leadership competence: a study of Moldovan HEI's

This paper examines the qualities and skills needed by leaders and managers in Higher Education; the extent to which leaders and managers in 15 Moldovan Institutions perceive themselves to hold those qualities and skills; and the main drivers for holding higher levels of them. Review of the literature suggests that the qualities and skills examined belong to nine domains. The leaders and managers perceive themselves to be strongest on the Personal Values domain and weakest on Managing Resources. Where respondents have moved to the action stage of learning, perceive their organisation to be supportive of development, and have access to a broader range of development activities they are more likely to report higher levels of competence on the qualities and skills. The paper concludes that where institutions want to develop leadership and management capacity they need to help leaders and managers to psychologically commit to acting on their development needs

Death and organization: Heidegger’s thought on death and life in organizations

Mortality has not been given the attention it deserves within organization studies. Even when it has been considered, it is not usually in terms of its implications for own lives and ethical choices. In particular, Heidegger’s writing on death has been almost entirely ignored both in writing on death and writing on organizational ethics, despite his insights into how our mortality and the ethics of existence are linked. In this paper, we seek to address this omission by arguing that a consideration of death may yield important insights about the ethics of organizational life. Most important of these is that a Heideggerian approach to death brings us up against fundamental ethical questions such as what our lives are for, how they should be lived and how we relate to others. Heideggerarian thought also reconnects ethics and politics, as it is closely concerned with how we can collectively make institutions that support our life projects rather than thwart or diminish them

Corrigendum: CCR7-dependent trafficking of RORγ+ ILCs creates a unique microenvironment within mucosal draining lymph nodes

Presentation of peptide:MHCII by ​RORγ-expressing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which are enriched within gut tissue, is required for control of ​CD4 T-cell responses to commensal bacteria. It is not known whether ILC populations migrate from their mucosal and peripheral sites to local draining secondary lymphoid tissues. Here we demonstrate that ILC3s reside within the interfollicular areas of mucosal draining lymph nodes, forming a distinct microenvironment not observed in peripheral lymph nodes. By photoconverting intestinal cells in Kaede mice we reveal constitutive trafficking of ILCs from the intestine to the draining mesenteric lymph nodes, which specifically for the LTi-like ILC3s was ​CCR7-dependent. Thus, ILC populations traffic to draining lymph nodes using different mechanisms

Antigen presenting ILC3 regulate T cell-dependent IgA responses to colonic mucosal-associated bacteria

Intestinal immune homeostasis is dependent upon tightly regulated and dynamic host interactions with the commensal microbiota. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by mucosal B cells dictates the composition of commensal bacteria residing within the intestine. While emerging evidence suggests the majority of IgA is produced innately and may be polyreactive, mucosal-dwelling species can also elicit IgA via T cell-dependent mechanisms. However, the mechanisms that modulate the magnitude and quality of T cell-dependent IgA responses remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) regulate steady state interactions between T follicular helper cells (TfH) and B cells to limit mucosal IgA responses. ILC3 used conserved migratory cues to establish residence within the interfollicular regions of the intestinal draining lymph nodes, where they act to limit TfH responses and B cell class switching through antigen presentation. The absence of ILC3-intrinsic antigen presentation resulted in increased and selective IgA coating of bacteria residing within the colonic mucosa. Together these findings implicate lymph node resident, antigen-presenting ILC3 as a critical regulatory checkpoint in the generation of T cell-dependent colonic IgA and suggest ILC3 act to maintain tissue homeostasis and mutualism with the mucosal-dwelling commensal microbiota

On the effects of the fix geometric constraint in 2D profiles on the reusability of parametric 3D CAD models

[EN] In order to be reusable, history-based feature-based parametric CAD models must reliably allow for modifications while maintaining their original design intent. In this paper, we demonstrate that relations that fix the location of geometric entities relative to the reference system produce inflexible profiles that reduce model reusability. We present the results of an experiment where novice students and expert CAD users performed a series of modifications in different versions of the same 2D profile, each defined with an increasingly higher number of fix geometric constraints. Results show that the amount of fix constraints in a 2D profile correlates with the time required to complete reusability tasks, i.e., the higher the number of fix constraints in a 2D profile, the less flexible and adaptable the profile becomes to changes. In addition, a pilot software tool to automatically track this type of constraints was developed and tested. Results suggest that the detection of fix constraint overuse may result in a new metric to assess poor quality models with low reusability. The tool provides immediate feedback for preventing high semantic level quality errors, and assistance to CAD users. Finally, suggestions are introduced on how to convert fix constraints in 2D profiles into a negative metric of 3D model quality.The authors would like to thank Raquel Plumed for her support in the statistical analysis. This work has been partially funded by Grant UJI-A02017-15 (Universitat Jaume I) and DPI201784526-R (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE), project CAL-MBE. The authors also wish to thank the editor and reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that helped us improve the quality of the paper.González-Lluch, C.; Company, P.; Contero, M.; Pérez Lopez, DC.; Camba, JD. (2019). On the effects of the fix geometric constraint in 2D profiles on the reusability of parametric 3D CAD models. 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